Unveiling the relationship: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction as an Overlooked Factor in Lumbar Back Pain

Abstract

Introduction: The Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a crucial connection found between the sacrum and ilium. It plays a vital role in transferring forces during physical activity, such as running. Its biomechanical function is crucial for ensuring stability, as it is supported by ligaments and pelvic floor muscles that work together to ensure this for individuals. However, SIJ dysfunction can be linked to lower back pain, which is a condition that affects around 70-85% of Western society. Causes: SIJ dysfunction originates from various factors, such as abnormal motion or malalignment.  These conditions can arise from multiple causes: arthritis, trauma, or nontypical gait patterns. Diagnosis: Physical examinations are included in the diagnosis of SIJ dysfunction. They are called FABER, compression, distraction, thigh thrust, and Gaenslen. Three provocative test results are oftentimes required for a diagnosis. Other methods of diagnosis are also used, like X-rays, MRIs, and joint injections. Misdiagnosis: Nevertheless, although multiple methods exist to diagnose SIJ dysfunction, it is very commonly misdiagnosed. This is because the condition mimics symptoms of other conditions, and its etiology is overlooked. Treatment: When diagnosed, SIJ dysfunction can be treated through a range of measures. Either conservative treatments can be done, like physical therapy and NSAIDs, or more invasive procedures, such as surgical interventions, can be used to treat SIJ dysfunction. Conclusion: SIJ dysfunction is a prevalent, misdiagnosed condition that affects many individuals. This review highlights the importance of raising awareness among the public and clinicians to ensure an accurate diagnosis and treatment is given to patients.