Dinâmicas e comportamentos das empresas inovadoras do setor manufatureiro colombiano
Resumo
A inovação tornou-se uma estratégia organizacional que contribui para a conquista de objetivos como a sobrevivência e o crescimento. A literatura identificou que as organizações adotam suas próprias formas de inovação, desenvolvendo diferentes comportamentos e atitudes em relação à inovação que são determinantes nos resultados que obtêm. No entanto, em países emergentes como a Colômbia, é necessária maior evidência empírica sobre as diferenças que existem entre orientações estratégicas com um enfoque interno e externo. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar as diferenças nas características e comportamentos de inovação determinantes para os resultados de inovação das empresas manufatureiras colombianas. Para tal fim, utilizou-se informação de fonte secundária obtida a partir da Pesquisa de Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica (EDIT), e adotou-se uma metodologia quantitativa, utilizando as técnicas de cluster hierárquico e tabelas de contingência, o que permitiu identificar três grupos de empresas no setor manufatureiro colombiano: empresas com alto nível de atividades em ciência, tecnologia e inovação, que obtêm os melhores resultados de inovação; empresas que alcançam altos resultados de inovação por meio da imitação; e empresas que não realizam atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação. Esta pesquisa contribui para o desenvolvimento da teoria sobre orientação estratégica à inovação, especialmente no setor manufatureiro, que se caracteriza por ser um dos mais inovadores segundo seus registros de propriedade intelectual. Além disso, a pesquisa apresenta contribuições práticas para os tomadores de decisão nas organizações, uma vez que descreve os comportamentos associados a um grupo de empresas que obtêm os melhores resultados de inovação.
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