Microplásticos, amenaza invisible en el océano: una revisión desde la química y la biología
Resumen
Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de describir las características y efectos que causan los microplásticos (MP) en la biota marina y el ser humano. Se tuvieron en cuenta artículos científicos publicados sobre el tema entre los años 2010 a 2023. Una vez recopilados, se procedió a eliminar duplicados y a filtrar los artículos restantes con base en criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La revisión de los artículos permitió concluir que, en la caracterización de estos materiales, se evidencia la falta de métodos estandarizados, sin embargo, predominan las técnicas ópticas, espectroscópicas y de pirólisis. Entre las consecuencias para la salud de los ecosistemas y la humana se encuentran, la reducción en la energía metabólica, los cambios morfológicos, el estrés oxidativo, la reducción de la población, los problemas intestinales, etc. Se destacan las diversas opciones que ofrece la industria para aliviar el problema, como las siguientes: filtración, biodegradación, productos sustitutos, etc., pero se hace énfasis en que la principal medida debe ser la reducción en la producción.
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