O transporte marítimo e seu impacto na sustentabilidade: uma revisão bibliográfica
Resumo
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a revisão bibliográfica sobre o transporte marítimo (TM) e seu impacto na sustentabilidade, visando minimizar as emissões de gases tóxicos na América Latina. Para alcançar este objetivo, a base de dados Scopus foi selecionada para realizar a busca da produção científica registrada nos últimos 20 anos, utilizando ferramentas bibliométricas, e com o suporte do software Rstudio foi elaborada uma análise de rede da disciplina. O tipo de pesquisa é quantitativo e a estrutura atual do conhecimento sobre o tema é apresentada em duas etapas, destacando os países, revistas, autores e produção mais significativa; posteriormente, três clusters ou perspectivas de pesquisa que serão tendência de estudo dentro da disciplina são identificados, como eficiência energética e sustentabilidade ambiental, tecnologias em desenvolvimento para a descarbonização do TM e, por fim, o impacto ambiental das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) em um futuro sustentável. Os resultados afirmam a relevância que o tm tem para o comércio internacional, deixando uma marca significativa na sustentabilidade e no meio ambiente. Conclui-se que a implementação de tecnologias de propulsão mais limpas, o uso de combustíveis mais sustentáveis e a melhoria da eficiência energética dos navios mantêm a indústria do tm como responsável por uma grande quantidade de emissões de gases tóxicos, como CO2, NO2 e S, que contribuem para as mudanças climáticas e a poluição atmosférica.
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