Multilateralism AD HOC in the relations China-Latin América and the Caribbean and south-south coalitions in WTO negotiations regarding agricultural trade
Abstract
This article aims to show how China has diversified its strategy of relations with Latin America and the Caribbean, where the bilateral dimension is complemented by a multilateral one, proposing that China has wielded a non-conventional strategy, which implies the growth of China's diplomatic action from highly institutionalized multilateral scenarios to other less institutionalized, such as the South-South coalitions of developing countries -specially the G-20 and the G-33- in the framework of WTO's international agricultural negotiations. This responds to the composition of both coalitions, their interests, objectives and their collective leadership thanks to the consensus-reaching capacity in these coalitions and along with others groups.Downloads
Languages:
esReferences
Constantini, V.; Crescenzi, R.; De Filippis, F. & Salvatici, L. (2007). "Bargaining Coalitions in the WTO Agricultural Negotiations". The World Economy 30(5):863-891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.01015.x
Da Motta Veiga, P. (2005). "Brazil and the G-20 Group of Developing Countries". En P Gallagher, P Low, & A. L. Stoler (eds.), Managing the Challenges of WTO Participation. 45 Case Studies. Cambridge University Press.
Diego-Fernández, M. (2008). "Trade Negotiations Make Strange Bedfellows". World Trade Review 7(2):423-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1474745608003832
Dobson, W. (2001). Broadening Participation in G-7 Summits. Extraído diciembre 10, 2009, desde Rotman School of Management of University of Toronto: http://www.rotman.utoronto.ca/dobson/research/G-20%20proposal%202002.PDF.
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. (2007). "G-20, G-33 Ministers Underline Priorities Before 'Decisive Phase' in Doha Talks". Bridges Weekly Trade News Digest, 11 (21). Extraído diciembre 5, 2009, desde http://ictsd.org/i/news/bridgesweekly/7602.
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTD). (2010). "Negociaciones OMC se enfocan en mecanismo de salvaguardia especial y barreras no arancelarias". Puentes Quincenal, 7(3). Extraído abril 20, 2013, desde http://ictsd.org/i/news/puentesquincenal/70572/.
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD). (2005). Joint Statement by G20, G33, LDC, ACP and African Group on coordination efforts. Extraído marzo 20, 2013, desde http://ictsd.org/i/wto/15453/.
Ismail, F. (2007). The G-20 and NAMA 11: The Role of Developing Countries in the WTO Doha Round. Seminar Series on Making Globalization Work for Developing Countries, Global Economic Governance Programme.
Jales, M. (2005). Tariff Reduction, Special Products and Special Safeguards: An Analysis of the Agricultural Tariff Structures of G-33 Countries. Ginebra: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD). http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ag_ip_20050701
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (2012). "El Presidente informa que no hubo una respuesta negativa pero tampoco una positiva a la propuesta relativa a las negociaciones sobre la agricultura". Extraído abril 20, 2013, desde http://www.wto.org/spanish/news_s/news12_s/agng_16nov12_s.htm.
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (2013). "Los Miembros comienzan a negociar sobre una propuesta relativa a las existencias de alimentos de los países pobres". Extraído abril 30, 2013, desde http://www.wto.org/spanish/news_s/news13_s/agng_27mar13_s.htm.
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (2010). Refocusing discussions on the Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM): outstanding issues and concerns on its design and structure submission by the G-33 (TN/AG/GEN/30). Extraído marzo 20, 2013, desde http://ictsd.org/downloads/2010/02/g-33-ssm-paper-28jan2010.pdf.
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (2012). "El Presidente se siente alentado por la voluntad demostrada por los encargados de las negociaciones sobre la agricultura, a pesar de la preocupación que suscita la cuestión del equilibrio". Extraído abril 20, 2013, desde http://www.wto.org/spanish/news_s/news12_s/a.
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (2012). "Según el Presidente, las propuestas del G-20 relativas a la agricultura podrían reavivar el compromiso de los negociadores con la Ronda". Extraído abril 30, 2013, desde http://www.wto.org/spanish/news_s/news12_s/agng_28sep12_s.htm.
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (n. d.). "Agricultura: mercados más equitativos para los agricultores". Extraído marzo 25, 2013, desde http://www.wto.org/spanish/thewto_s/whatis_s/tif_s/agrm3_s.htm.
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (n. d.). "Grupos en el marco de las negociaciones". Extraído abril 30, 2013, desde http://www.wto.org/spanish/tratop_s/dda_s/negotiating_groups_s.htm.
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (n. d.). "Grupos en las negociaciones sobre la agricultura". Extraído abril 30, 2013, desde http://www.wto.org/spanish/tratop_s/agric_s/negoti_groups_s.htm.
Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). (n. d.). "Market access: tariffs and tariff quotas". Extraído abril 30, 2013, desde http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/negs_bkgrnd10_access_e.htm.
Rosales, O. (2009). "La globalización y los nuevos escenarios del comercio internacional". Revista Cepal (97):77-95.
Rosen, D., Rozelle, S., & Huang, J. (2004). Roots of Competitiveness: China's Evolving Agriculture Interests. Peterson Institute for International Economics. Extraído marzo, 2013, desde http://bookstore.piie.com/book-store/380.html.
Scott, J., & Wilkinson, R. (2011). China and the WTO. Indiana University, Research Center for Chinese Politics and Business. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2169307
Wang, H. (2000). "Multilateralism in Chinese Foreign Policy: The Limits of Socialization". Asian Survey 4(3):475-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3021157
Wu, G., & Lansdowne, H. (2008). China Turns to Multilateralism: Foreign Policy and Regional Security. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge.
Young, O.R. (1991). "Political Leadership and Regime Formation: On the Development of Institutions in International Society". International Organization 45(3):281-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300033117
Zhihong, T. (2009). Implications for China of the December 2008 Draft Agricultural Modalities. Ginebra: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD).
Zhu, Z. (2010). China's New Diplomacy: Rationale, Strategies and Significance. Farnham: Ashgate
