El transporte marítimo y su impacto en la sostenibilidad: revisión de la bibliografía
Resumen
Esta investigación pretende analizar la revisión bibliográfica sobre el transporte marítimo (TM) y su impacto en la sostenibilidad, para minimizar las emisiones de gases tóxicos en Latinoamérica. Para lograrlo se eligió la base de datos Scopus para realizar la búsqueda de la producción científica registrada en los últimos 20 años, utilizando herramientas bibliométricas, y con apoyo del software Rstudio se construyó el análisis de red de la disciplina. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa y se expone por medio de dos etapas la estructura actual de conocimiento del tema, presentando los países, las revistas, los autores y la producción más significativa; posteriormente se identifican tres clústeres o perspectivas de investigación que serán tendencia de estudio dentro de la disciplina, como la eficiencia energética y la sostenibilidad ambiental, las tecnologías en desarrollo para la descarbonización del TM y, finalmente, el impacto ambiental de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en un futuro sostenible. Los resultados afirman la relevancia que tiene el TM para el comercio internacional, dejando una marca significativa en la sostenibilidad y el medio ambiente. Se concluye que la implementación de tecnologías de propulsión más limpias, el uso de combustibles más sostenibles y la mejora de la eficiencia energética de los barcos mantiene a la industria del TM como responsable de una gran cantidad de emisiones de gases tóxicos, como el CO2, NO2 y el S, que contribuyen al cambio climático y a la contaminación atmosférica.
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