Efficient Green Extraction of Cannabidiol, Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabinol, and Cannabigerol from Cannabis Sativa using Menthol-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
Abstract
The national and worldwide interest in cannabis has increased in recent years due to its medicinal properties and industrial applications. Therefore, multiple techniques for extracting and producing derivatives have been developed. Still, it is necessary to develop new, green, more efficient methodologies for obtaining phytocannabinoids and making cannabis preparations. Deep eutectic solvents are green, safe, and versatile solvents to obtain cannabis metabolites. This research prepared nineteen low-viscosity deep eutectic solvents based on menthol, β-sitosterol, and fatty acids, which were more efficient in extracting phytocannabinoids by ultrasound-assisted extraction than ethanol. The solvent Menthol: Octanoic acid 3:1 presented the highest extraction yield (32.42 %) by ultrasound employing a 23 factorial design with which the following optimal conditions were found: time of 60 minutes, %DES of 100 %, and a Cannabis: DES ratio 1:20. This study presents a green and efficient extraction of phytocannabinoids of industrial, medicinal or cosmetic interest and becomes an alternative to conventional techniques for the preparation of cannabis derivatives; the process is novel, optimizable and has great potential to establish industrial scale processes.
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