Fatores de risco da leptospirose e seus métodos de diagnóstico
Resumo
A leptospirose é uma doença transmitida de animais para humanos, causada por espécies patogênicas de Leptospira spp. Esse microrganismo sobrevive no ambiente por várias semanas, tanto na água quanto no solo. Além disso, os principais reservatórios incluem roedores, cães, suínos e bovinos. Surtos de leptospirose são comuns em países tropicais e subtropicais. O objetivo inicial deste estudo é identificar os fatores de risco associados à leptospirose e os métodos de diagnóstico
por meio de uma revisão narrativa. Realizou-se uma busca na literatura em espanhol e inglês, bem como em várias bases de dados, como o Google Scholar, Lilacs, Redalyc, Medigraphic, Scielo, ProQuest, Publimed e ScienceDirect, no período de 2016 a 2021, utilizando palavras-chave como leptospirose, fatores de risco, diagnóstico, epidemiologia e zoonoses. Considerando a revisão narrativa da literatura em 50 artigos consultados, foi possível determinar que os trabalhadores com maior
predisposição à leptospirose são aqueles envolvidos na agricultura, trabalhadores de matadouros, piscicultura, coletores de lixo, veterinários auxiliares, ordenhadores de fazendas e trabalhadores da indústria pecuária. Foram encontrados fatores determinantes como uso inadequado de equipamentos de proteção pessoal (EPP), falta de conhecimento sobre a doença, consumo de água contaminada, consumo de alimentos em locais de abate, entre outros. Uma das conclusões é que houve semelhança nos diferentes artigos consultados em relação à taxa de infecção, que é mais comum em homens do que em mulheres devido às diferentes práticas que realizam. Além disso, foi evidenciado que as
áreas rurais têm acesso limitado à assistência médica e representam um alto índice de transmissão de leptospirose.
Downloads
Referências
Sánchez-Barragán B, et al. Leptospirosis en trabajadores de campos petroleros de Tabasco. Salud en Tabasco. 2017 Oct 21;23(1-2):19-27. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48754566004
Carrero SHS, et al. Seroprevalencia de infección por Leptospira y factores de riesgo en estudiantes de una universidad de Colombia. NOVA. 2017 Nov 2;15(27):131-8. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1794-24702017000100131&lng=pt&nrm=i&tlng=es
Calderón Sierra DM, et tal. Comportamiento epidemiológico de la leptospirosis humana en Colombia 2012-2016*. Rev Cubana Med Trop 2019;71(2):13. Disponible en: http://www.revmedtropical.sld.cu/index.php/medtropical/article/view/364/246
Organización Panamericana de Salud. Hoja Informativa: Leptospirosis - OPS/OMS | Organización Panamericana de la Salud [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Oct 21]. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/es/node/59075
Schneider MC et al. The Use of Chemoprophylaxis after Floods to Reduce the Occurrence and Impact of Leptospirosis Outbreaks. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jun 1;14(6):594. Disponible en:https://www.pmc/articles/PMC5486280/
Ariza Suárez AC, Berdugo Parra CA. Actualización de la leptospirosis bovina en Colombia. Conex Agropecu.2017;7(1):57-77. Disponible en: https://revista.jdc.educo/index.php/conexagro/article/view/572/582
Publicaciones. Informe de Evento y tableros de control.[Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 9]. Disponible en: https://www.ins.gov.co/buscador-eventos/Paginas/Info-Evento.aspx
Gonzalez AL, et al. Factores asociados a la infección por leptospira: una revisión de literatura. Cienc y Salud Virtual. 2018 Dic 18;10(2):63-72. https://doi.org/10.22519/21455333.1166
Barragán BLG, et al. Prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira spp. en personas con exposición laboral en el departamento del Tolima. Rev Fac Nac Salud Pública. 2016 May 21;34(2):156-66. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v34n2a04
Pulido-Medellín M, et al. Determinación de Leptospira spp. en humanos y bovinos pertenecientes al municipio de Toca, Boyacá. Rev Vet y Zootec. 2017 Jul 1;11(2):55-66. https://doi.org/10.17151/vetzo.2017.11.2.5
Romero-Vivas CM, Falconar AK. Leptospira spp. and human Leptospirosis. Salud Uninorte. 2016 Ene 1;32(1):123-43. https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.32.1.8479
Quispe-Girón C, et al. Seroprevalencia de leptospirosis en trabajadores de limpieza pública del distrito de San Juan Bautista, Ayacucho. Rev Investig Vet del Perú. 2017 Apr 1;28(2):426-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v28i2.13072
Hernández-Rodríguez P, et al. Implicaciones de las prácticas agropecuarias urbanas y rurales sobre la transmisión de la leptospirosis. Agrociencia. 2017;51:725-41.Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-31952017000700725
Chacón GAC, et al. Epidemiología de la leptospirosis en el departamento del Huila, Colombia. 2011- 2017.Rev Médica Risaralda. 2021 Jun 13;27(1):10-20. https://doi.org/10.22517/25395203.24549
Hernández-Rodríguez P, et al. Leptospirosis zoonosis que impacta la salud humana y veterinaria: diagnóstico, tratamiento y nuevas alternativas para su control. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical. 2021;73(1):1-24. Disponible en: http://www.revmedtropical.sld.cu/index.php/medtropical/article/view/509
Le Turnier P, Epelboin L. Mise au point sur la leptospirose. La Rev Médecine Interne. 2019 May 1;40(5):306-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2018.12.003
Muñoz-Zanzi C, et al. A Systematic Literature Review of Leptospirosis Outbreaks Worldwide, 1970-2012.Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2020 Aug 3;44:e78. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.78
Cagliero J, et al. Leptospirosis Pathophysiology: Into the Storm of Cytokines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol.2018 Jun 20;(8):204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00204
Wang S, et al. Leptospirosis. [Updated 2022 Oct 17].En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Ene. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441858/
Carranza Zamora JA, Fonseca Chang D, Yaileen GL.Leptospirosis y enfermedad de Weil. Rev Med Sinerg.2020;5(3):e346. https://doi.org/10.31434/rms.v5i3.346
De Brito T, et al. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Human Leptospirosis: A Commented Review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2018;60:e23. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201860023
Carreño LA, et al. Prevalencia de leptospirosis en Colombia: revisión sistemática de literatura. Rev Salud Pública. 2017 Mar 1;19(2):204-9. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v19n2.54235
Maze MJ, et al. Risk Factors for Human Acute Leptospirosis in Northern Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Jun 1;12(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006372
Sahneh E, et al. Investigation of Risk Factors Associated with Leptospirosis in the North of Iran (2011-2017). J Res Health Sci. 2019 Jun 22;19(2):e00449.PMID: 31278217.
Biscornet L, et al. An Observational Study of Human Leptospirosis in Seychelles. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Sep;103(3):999-1008. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0228
Ataya GE, et al. Anti-Leptospira spp. Antibodies in Meat Dealers in Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. J Bras Patol e Med Lab. 2019 May 23;55(2):122-35. https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20190013
Atil A, et al. Occupational Determinants of Leptospirosis among Urban Service Workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 8;17(2):427. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020427
Cook EAJ, et al. Risk Factors for Leptospirosis Seropositivity in Slaughterhouse Workers in Western Kenya.Occup Environ Med. 2017 May;74(5):357-365. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103895
OPS. OPS OMS | Leptospirosis | Hojas informativas [Internet]. 2017:9. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/es/node/59075
Riascos Bolaños AY. Enfermedades Infecciosas de Origen Laboral. Repos Inst USC. 2020.
López F, et al. Seroprevalencia de leptospirosis y factores asociados en trabajadores del servicio de aseo urbano de la Municipalidad de Asunción, Paraguay. Rev Chil Infectol. 2015 Dic 1;32(6):628-33. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182015000700003
Mohamad Azfar Z, et al. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Leptospirosis Prevention among Town Service Workers in Northeastern Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study. J Prev Med Hyg. 2018 Mar 30;59(1):E92-E98.https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2018.59.1.776
Monroy AL, et al. Seroprevalencia y factores asociados a la infección por Leptospira spp. en población de Moniquirá, Boyacá. Infect. 2020;24(2):61-5. https://doi.org/10.22354/in.v24i2.833
El Azhari M, et al. Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis among High-Risk Individuals in Morocco. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2020 May 20;2020:5236045.https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5236045
Samsudin S, et al. Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practice of Leptospirosis Among Healthy Malaysian and Non-Malaysian Wet Market Workers in Selected Urban Areas in Selangor, Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 19;17(4):1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041346
Cook EAJ, et al. Original Article: Risk Factors for Leptospirosis Seropositivity in Slaughterhouse Workers in Western Kenya. Occup Environ Med. 2017 May;74(5):357-365. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103895
Cedeño Chacón G, et al. Epidemiología de la Leptospirosis en el departamento del Huila, Colombia. 2011-2017. Rev Médica Risaralda [Internet]. 2021 Jun 13;27(1):10-20. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0122-06672021000100010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Mgode GF, et al. Leptospirosis in Sugarcane Plantation and Fishing Communities in Kagera Northwestern Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 May 1;13(5).https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007225
Guernier V, et al. A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands Reveals Pathogen and reservoir Diversity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2018 May 14;12(5):e0006503. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006503
Philip N, et al. Combined PCR and MAT Improves the Early Diagnosis of the Biphasic Illness Leptospirosis. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 11;15(9):e0239069. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239069
Verma V, et al. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Leptospirosis. Front Biosci - Landmark. 2020 Mar 1;25(9):1655-81. https://doi.org/10.2741/4872
Marquez A, Det al. Overview of Laboratory Methods to Diagnose Leptospirosis and to Identify and to Type Leptospires. Int Microbiol. 2017 Dec;20(4):184-193. https://doi.org/10.2436/20.1501.01.302
Petris E, et al. Estudio comparativo del diagnóstico de leptospirosis mediante PCR y MAT en el noroeste de México. 2018;28(4):50-55. https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2018.1625
Courdurie C, et al. Evaluation of Different Serological Assays for Early Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Martinique (French West Indies). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jun 23;11(6):e0005678. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005678
Esteves LM, et al. Diagnosis of Human Leptospirosis in a Clinical Setting: Real-Time PCR High Resolution Melting Analysis for Detection of Leptospira at the Onset of Disease. Sci Rep. 2018 Jun 15;8(1):9213.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27555-2
Samrot AV, et al. Leptospiral Infection, Pathogenesis and Its Diagnosis - A Review. Pathogens. 2021 Feb 1;10(2):145. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020145
Naotunna C, Agampodi SB, Agampodi TC. Etiological Agents Causing Leptospirosis in Sri Lanka: A review. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2016 Apr;9(4):390-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.009
Jittimanee J, Wongbutdee J. Prevention and Control of Leptospirosis in People and Surveillance of the Pathogenic Leptospira in Rats and in Surface Water found at Villages. J Infect Public Health. 2019 Sep 1;12(5):705-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.019
Chacko CS, et al. A Short Review on Leptospirosis: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment. Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal. 2021 Jul 1;11:100741.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100741
Gundacker ND, Rolfe RJ, Rodriguez JM. Infections Associated with Adventure Travel: A Systematic Review. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2017 Mar 1;16:3-10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.03.010
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Med
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
