Training Proposal for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Diabetic Foot Prevention

Abstract

Introduction: The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus, especially in low-income countries, poses challenges to healthcare systems. Diabetic foot, a serious and preventable complication, results in high healthcare costs. Patient and family education, along with a structured care approach, reduces rates of ulceration, infection, and amputation in individuals with diabetes.
This study evaluates the impact of diabetic foot on patients with diabetes mellitus from a Health Benefit Plan Administrator and proposes an educational model for its prevention. Methodology: Retrospective observational study analyzing patients with diabetes mellitus registered in a specific software, excluding those with other chronic diseases. Computer tools were used to identify cases
of diabetic neuropathy, hospitalizations, and amputations due to diabetic foot, collecting data from 2020 and 2021 to analyze prevalence and incidence rates. A validated survey was designed to assess foot care in patients with diabetes mellitus. Results: These indicate a significant prevalence and incidence of diabetic foot complications in the studied patient cohort, with only 1.4% affected by diabetic neuropathy. An increase in the amputation rate was observed between 2020 and 2021 due to diabetic foot and its complications, accounting for 90% of hospitalizations among DM patients. The survey revealed symptoms related to diabetic foot in 70% of patients, emphasizing the need for early detection. The use of social marketing strategies is suggested to implement educational programs that reduce complications and improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus.