El hermano del niño con cáncer merece ser visible
Scoping Review
Resumen
El hermano sano en situaciones de cáncer infantil es con frecuencia un sujeto invisible para su familia, los profesionales de la salud y las instituciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear e integrar la literatura científica acerca de la experiencia del hermano del niño diagnosticado con cáncer. Se desarrolló una Scoping Review de 28 artículos publicados entre 2016 y 2020, en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Se incluyeron 12 estudios cualitativos, 15 cuantitativos y un estudio mixto. Frente a los hallazgos, se identificó que hay cambios en las relaciones entre hermanos, parentales y sociales, además de cambios personales y una oferta limitada de apoyo a los hermanos del niño con cáncer. Se concluye que el cáncer infantil afecta directamente a los miembros de la familia, incluido al hermano sano, quien enfrenta cambios drásticos en su vida que implican nuevas necesidades, sentimientos y conductas de riesgo. Se requiere una mayor investigación y abordaje acerca del impacto del cáncer infantil en hermanos sanos, así como el diseño de intervenciones que pongan de manifiesto la necesidad de hacer visible a este sujeto que sufre el daño colateral del cáncer infantil y que ha sido descuidado por su familia y por los profesionales en salud.
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