Depressive Disorder in Patients with a Cancer Diagnosis: A Narrative Literature Review
Abstract
Depression stands out as the most prevalent psychiatric condition in the field of oncology. The diagnosis or potential diagnosis of cancer significantly affects the mental well-being of both patients and their family members, given the profound impact the disease attributes to the individual’s new state of health. The article aims to provide and updated understanding of the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, and treatment concerning the intricate relationship between cancer and the development of depressive disorders. To achieve this
objective, a comprehensive bibliographic search was carried out using the keywords depression, cancer,
and the AND command for the term depression and cancer across PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The search spanned multiple languages, including Spanish, English, and French, covering the period from 2010 to 2023. A total of 55 articles, selected by the authors for their relevance to the review’s objective, were included. The review revealed a clear association between cancer and the development of major depressive disorder, was evidenced with a high prevalence rate of at least 40%. This association is attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Various validated tools, such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Beck Depression Scale and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) have been employed to assess depression in cancer patients. In conclusion, once a diagnosis of depressive disorder is confirmed within the oncology population, a combination of pharmacotherapy
and/or psychotherapy is recommended. This approach, not only aims to enhance the quality of life for patients but also plays a crucial role in preventing treatment noncompliance and increasing overall survival rates.
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