Otimização da fertilização com ferro, manganês e zinco em arroz (Oryza sativa L.) através de bactérias Bacillus, Pseudomonas e Azospirillum
Resumo
O arroz (Oryza sativa) é um cultivo de cereal crucial para a segurança alimentar mundial. No entanto, a disponibilidade limitada de micronutrientes como ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn) e zinco (Zn) em solos calcários pode
provocar distúrbios metabólicos na planta, resultando em diversas anomalias. Esses distúrbios podem reduzir os rendimentos e, em casos graves, levar à morte da planta. Os microrganismos promotores do crescimento
vegetal presentes na rizosfera do solo podem solubilizar esses micronutrientes. Esses microrganismos também
têm sido isolados de solos e utilizados como bioestimulantes e biofertilizantes, facilitando seu uso na otimização do cultivo de arroz. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre Bacillus, Pseudomonas e Azospirillum e sua capacidade de solubilizar Fe, Mn e Zn no cultivo de arroz. O estudo descreve a natureza, assimilação e importância desses três micronutrientes no solo e no cultivo de arroz, bem como a otimização dos microrganismos como ingredientes que promovem o crescimento e a produtividade dos cultivos. Além disso, discutem-se seus mecanismos, como a secreção de sideróforos ácido deoximugínico (DMA) e ácido mugínico (MA), a produção de ácidos orgânicos como o ácido indol-3-acético (IAA) e o ácido abscísico, a produção de fitohormonas (por exemplo, citocininas) e uma rede de metaloproteínas que facilitam a acidificação do solo. Esses
mecanismos permitem a solubilização de Fe, Mn e Zn no solo associado ao cultivo, tornando-os disponíveis
para a absorção pelo sistema radicular na forma de quelatos. Em resumo, a adição de Bacillus, Pseudomonas e Azospirillum facilita a absorção de micronutrientes no cultivo e mitiga os efeitos negativos causados pela aplicação constante de fertilizantes químicos, que podem se acumular nos tecidos das plantas, no solo e na água.
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