Revisión del estado actual de las investigaciones sobre Rhizoctonia solani Kühn
Resumen
Rhizoctonia solani Kühn es un hongo habitante natural del suelo que, en su estado patogénico, afecta cultivos de importancia económica, arvenses, pastos y forestales, por lo que es un microorganismo de estudio recurrente. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar información actualizada de investigaciones hechas en torno a diferentes aspectos de R. solani. Los documentos científicos revisados correspondieron a artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022 en revistas especializadas, y el análisis de la información se enfocó en cinco tópicos inherentes al patógeno: biología, genética, epidemiología, diagnóstico y control, que permitirán ampliar la visión que se tiene en los últimos años sobre el comportamiento de R. solani con relación a su variabilidad genética, a los efectos derivados de la interacción hospedante-patógeno-ambiente y a las posibilidades de manejo y control de las patologías que causa. La revisión hizo posible sostener que R. solani continúa siendo un patógeno relevante en todo el mundo, con alta variabilidad genética debida a sus grupos de anastomosis, lo que lo ha llevado a establecer relaciones parasíticas con diferentes hospedantes y en un amplio rango de condiciones ambientales, considerándose aún de difícil manejo. Por otra parte, se reportan avances en las técnicas de diagnóstico, caracterización biológica y molecular, y en la evaluación de diferentes medidas de control, facilitando la identificación, diseño y aplicación de estrategias adecuadas para el manejo integrado de las enfermedades causadas por R. solani.
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