Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene in Soil with Fungi of the Genus Aspergillus Sp.
Abstract
Plastics constitute one of the main problems of environmental pollution due to their inadequate handling and disposal, thus generating threats and negative impacts on the environment. The objective of this work was to analyze the biodegradability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with fungi of the genus Aspergillus sp., in soil, for two periods of time (30 and 60 days) and two gauges (0.45 mm and 0.90 mm). The strains used were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus flavus, individually and combined, at a concentration of 1x107 spores/mL, inoculating in pots with 100 g of sterile soil and LDPE samples of 4 cm2 and 25 cm2, according to the experimental design. The results revealed that the highest degradation of LDPE was achieved with the gauge of 0.45 mm and a sample of 25 cm2 when the consortium of the three fungi was used, obtaining a degradation rate of 18.45 %, compared to the 4 cm2 sample, which recorded a value of 16.10 % degradation, both in 60 days. In the case of the gauge of 0.90 mm and a sample of 25 cm2, the same consortium of A. niger + A. fumigatus + A. flavus demonstrated the maximum degradation with a value of 0.34% in 60 days. Therefore, fungi of the genus Aspergillus sp. show potential for degrading plastics in soil and are a biotechnological alternative that can counteract the environmental effect produced by the inadequate management of plastic waste.
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