Especies Arbóreas de las Familias Euphorbiaceae, Pittosporaceae y Salicaceae son Infectadas por ‘CA. Phytoplasma fraxini’ y ‘CA. Phytoplasma asteris’ en Infecciones Mixtas en Bogotá, Colombia
Resumen
La presencia de fitoplasmas del grupo 16SrI (‘Ca. Phytoplasma asteris’) fue reportada en Croton spp. (Euphorbiaceae), Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) y Populus nigra (Salicaceae), en Bogotá. En este trabajo se reporta la existencia adicional de fitoplasmas del grupo 16SrVII ‘Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini’ en estas mismas especies de árboles ornamentales, por técnicas moleculares como PCR anidada, RFLP y secuenciación del gen 16SrRNA. Los resultados muestran la existencia de un complejo de fitoplasmas de los grupos 16SrI y 16SrVII que se asocian con síntomas como deformación general de la corona, ramas en copo, amarillamiento, elongación anormal de brotes apicales, escobas de bruja y rebrotación epicórmica que afectan el estado de sanidad de los árboles. En diciembre de 2013 la prevalencia sintomática en Croton spp., P. undulatum y P. nigra y se estimó en 36%, 93% y 85% respectivamente. Este trabajo presenta evidencia de que plantas de familias diferentes a Oleaceae que son susceptibles a fitoplasmas del grupo 16SrVII y que en este caso se encuentran en infecciones mixtas con fitoplasmas del grupo 16SrI. Se presentan evidencias de una enfermedad emergente de alta prevalencia en estas especies de árboles han pasado desapercibidas hasta la fecha, pero suponen un riesgo para la supervivencia de los árboles urbanos en Bogotá.
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