Endometriosis, endometrioma e infertilidad
Resumen
La endometriosis es una enfermedad ginecológica frecuente y puede ocasionar dolor pélvico; es una de las causas de infertilidad aunque en un pequeño pero significativo porcentaje y se observa hasta en el 50% de las laparoscopias de las pacientes en estudio de infertilidad. Sobre su patogénesis se conoce poco; sin embargo, actualmente existen varias teorías que tratan de explicar su presentación, sin obviar los factores genéticos que pueden hacer a las mujeres susceptibles a esta entidad. Los mecanismos que explican su fisiopatología en la infertilidad son la obstrucción tubárica, las adherencias pélvicas y los endometriomas ováricos que distorsionan las relaciones anatómicas y limitan el acceso y movilidad de las fimbrias al ovario. El método más utilizado para el diagnóstico de la endometriosis es la ecografía. Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre la fisiopatología, la etiología, el cuadro clínico, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la endometriosis y los endometriomas en el área de la infertilidad.
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