Prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios y riesgo de obstrucción al flujo aéreo en Ginebra - Valle del Cauca

  • Alirio Bastidas Goyes Universidad de la Sabana
  • Jorge Villán Gaona Cruz Roja Colombiana
  • Valeria Betancourt López Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
  • Andrea Suarez Niño
  • Gustavo Adolfo Hincapié Díaz Clínica del Country
Palabras clave: Signos y síntomas respiratorios, tos, disnea, test de función respiratoria, prevalencia

Resumen

Antecedentes y Objetivo: La prevalencia de los principales síntomas respiratorios en Ginebra (Valle del Cauca) es desconocida. Este estudio busca investigar la prevalencia de disnea, tos, sibilancias y expectoración en Ginebra, un municipio rural de Colombia.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con una estrategia de muestreo por conglomerados para tener una muestra representativa de adultos mayores de 40 años. Cada paciente fue entrevistado con dos cuestionarios, el cuestionario de síntomas respiratorios Ferris validado para el español y el cuestionario de función pulmonar (LFQ), de este último, un puntaje menor o igual a 18 puntos fue considerado como riesgo de obstrucción al flujo aéreo. El análisis de datos fue realizado con software estadístico, el tamaño de muestra fue de 115 sujetos (prevalencia 50%, precisión 10% y porcentaje de pérdida del 20%), las variables cuantitativas se resumieron en frecuencias y porcentajes y las variables cuantitativas en medianas y rangos intercuartílicos, la prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios se calculó con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y se realizaron cruces exploratorios entre las variables de síntomas respiratorios y antecedentes exposicionales.

Resultados: 146 sujetos, 2 pérdidas, mediana de edad 60,5 años (RIQ:22), 52,1% hombres, prevalencia de tos 18,1% (IC95%:11,8-24,3), expectoración 20,1% (IC95%:13,9-27,1), sibilancias 28,2% (IC95%:21,1-35,9), disnea 33,3% (IC95%:25-41), personas a riesgo de limitación flujo aéreo 19,4% (IC95%:14,2-28,4). En la realización de cruces exploratorios se obtuvo una relación entre el número de paquetes año y la presencia de tos (p=0,008), antecedente de exposición a leña y tos (p=0,008), número de paquetes año y expectoración (p=0,018), sibilancias y consumo de cigarrillo (p=0,047), disnea y antecedente de enfermedad coronaria (p=0,028), disnea y antecede de hipertensión arterial (p=0,037).

Conclusión: La disnea es el síntoma respiratorio más frecuente en pacientes mayores de 40 años en Ginebra (Valle del Cauca), el antecedente de tabaquismo se relacionó con tos y sibilancias. La utilización de un cuestionario de síntomas respiratorios puede ser útil para identificar pacientes con riesgo de obstrucción al flujo aéreo cuando se compara con el auto-reporte de enfermedad respiratoria.

Biografía del autor/a

Alirio Bastidas Goyes, Universidad de la Sabana
Internista, Neumólogo, Epidemiólogo Clínico. Profesor Clínico Universidad de la Sabana. Bogotá-Colombia
Jorge Villán Gaona, Cruz Roja Colombiana
Médico y Cirujano Cruz Roja Colombiana. Bogotá - Colombia
Valeria Betancourt López, Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Médico y Cirujano de la Base Aérea German Olano, Colombia. Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Andrea Suarez Niño
Médico y Cirujano del Hospital de Capitanejo – Santander-Colombia.
Gustavo Adolfo Hincapié Díaz, Clínica del Country
Internista, Neumólogo – Clínica del Country. Bogotá - Colombia.

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Biografía del autor/a

Alirio Bastidas Goyes, Universidad de la Sabana
Internista, Neumólogo, Epidemiólogo Clínico. Profesor Clínico Universidad de la Sabana. Bogotá-Colombia
Jorge Villán Gaona, Cruz Roja Colombiana
Médico y Cirujano Cruz Roja Colombiana. Bogotá - Colombia
Valeria Betancourt López, Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Médico y Cirujano de la Base Aérea German Olano, Colombia. Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Andrea Suarez Niño
Médico y Cirujano del Hospital de Capitanejo – Santander-Colombia.
Gustavo Adolfo Hincapié Díaz, Clínica del Country
Internista, Neumólogo – Clínica del Country. Bogotá - Colombia.

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Cómo citar
Bastidas Goyes, A., Villán Gaona, J., Betancourt López, V., Suarez Niño, A., & Hincapié Díaz, G. A. (2017). Prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios y riesgo de obstrucción al flujo aéreo en Ginebra - Valle del Cauca. Revista Med, 25(2), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.18359/rmed.3207
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2017-09-25
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