La universalidad de la filosofía de los cuidados paliativos
un estudio de caso de la India
Resumen
El movimiento moderno hospitalario, que es el origen de lo que ahora se conoce como cuidados paliativos, obtuvo una fuerte inspiración del cristianismo. Dada esta inspiración cristiana original, la propagación global de los cuidados paliativos incluso a países donde el cristianismo es sólo una religión minoritaria puede parecer sorprendente. En consonancia con la teoría de la “secularización de la hospitalización”, se podría argumentar que los cuidados paliativos se han extendido globalmente puesto que su filosofía subyacente se ha vuelto secular, lo que le permite convertirse en universal. Sin embargo, dada la importancia continua de la religión en muchas áreas de los cuidados paliativos, podríamos preguntarnos cuán seculares son realmente los cuidados paliativos contemporáneos. Este artículo argumenta que la universalidad de la filosofía de cuidados paliativos reside en su susceptibilidad a la contextualización. Los cuidados paliativos se han convertido en una historia de éxito mundial, ya que personas de todo el mundo comprometidas con los principios e ideas de los cuidados paliativos los han contextualizado y han desarrollado modelos de prestación de cuidados paliativos e incluso una filosofía que se adapta al contexto socioeconómico y cultural-religioso local. Este artículo analiza los cuidados paliativos en la India para ilustrar este punto a través de modelos contextualizados de prestación de cuidados paliativos, y muestra que los médicos y enfermeras de cuidados paliativos en la India se inspiran en su contexto local y religiosidad.
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