Organismos internacionales y COVID-19
la (in)acción del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas durante la pandemia
Resumen
El artículo discute el rol de los organismos internacionales (OIs) en tiempos de crisis desde la actuación del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas (CSNU) ante la pandemia ocasionada por la covid-19. Se argumenta que hubo una dificultad del CSNU en posicionarse en cuanto a la pandemia debido a sus dinámicas internas de intereses y competencia. El estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo utiliza conceptos que tratan de burocracias, autonomía, legitimidad, competencia y cooperación, entre otros, retirados de la literatura que aborda los OIs, y fuentes documentales y secundarias para sostener los argumentos. Como la pandemia aún persiste, el recorte temporal abarca su primer año desde la declaración oficial de esta situación sanitaria en marzo del 2020. Las evidencias permiten afirmar que, en el caso de la respuesta de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas a la pandemia, la competencia se sobrepuso a la cooperación entre algunos miembros permanentes del CSNU. En este escenario de disputa, los miembros electivos ocuparon posición marginal en el proceso de aprobación de resoluciones, y la parálisis del Consejo llevó al secretario general a tomar iniciativas en la búsqueda de soluciones en relación con los efectos de la pandemia en la paz y la seguridad internacionales. De este modo, la politización de la pandemia junto con las dinámicas de intereses y competencia en el CSNU han afectado la toma de decisiones en cuanto a la crisis. Al ser la pandemia un problema nuevo que aún se encuentra en marcha, el artículo es por sí solo innovador y, si bien no tenga el propósito de presentar conclusiones generalizadas, abre espacio para otras investigaciones en el campo de la seguridad y de los OIs.
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