Ganancia Genética Esperada de la Resistencia a Sarna Somún (Streptomyces spp.) en una Población de Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk.
Resumen
La sarna común de la papa, causada por bacterias del género Streptomycetes, es una enfermedad de difícil manejo agronómico que se encuentra en todas las zonas de producción de papa en el mundo, por lo que la obtención de cultivares resistentes a la enfermedad es uno de los componentes del manejo integrado de la enfermedad. Hasta ahora se han obtenido algunos materiales resistentes en Estados unidos y Europa; no obstante los estudios genéticos realizados hasta ahora para determinar caracteres como la heredabilidad han dado pocos resultados que puedan ser utilizados para el mejoramiento genético. El presente estudio se realizó con la finalidad de estimar los parámetros genéticos de la resistencia a sarna común utilizando una población de 38 familias de medios hermanos de Solanum phureja en campo, en cuatro localidades diferentes del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Los resultados muestran que tres localidades fueron aptas para el análisis de los resultados por presentar diferentes niveles de severidad en los genotipos la otra localidad presentó un bajo nivel de severidad de la enfermedad lo que no permitió realizar una correcta selección. La heredabilidad en sentido estrecho osciló entre 0,22 y 0,45 para las localidades discriminantes. Se encontró una alta variación en la respuesta del genotipo al ambiente en la expresión de la resistencia genética. La ganancia genética esperada puede ser hasta del 20% de disminución en severidad de la enfermedad por ciclo de selección, lo cual indica que el carácter de resistencia a sarna común puede ser manejado en programas convencionales de mejoramiento genético mediante esquemas de selección recurrente.
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