Uso de herramientas bioinformáticas en la evaluación de secuencias “DNA barcode” para la identificación a nivel de especie
Resumen
El “DNA barcoding” (código de barras de ADN) es una técnica usada para identificar la especie a la cual pertenece un espécimen biológico, usando una secuencia corta de ADN proveniente de una región estandarizada, la cual se compara con una secuencia de referencia. Los “DNA barcodes” son secuencias relativamente cortas dentro de los genomas de las especies, que se obtienen fácilmente mediante amplificación por PCR. Para que sean precisas, las secuencias “DNA barcode”, deben poseer baja variabilidad intraespecífica y alta variabilidad interespecífica. Para que una secuencia sea oficialmente considerada un “DNA barcode”, debe estar incluida en la base de datos BOLD (The Barcode of Life Data Systems), para lo cual debe pasar estrictos análisis bioinformáticos que valoran su idoneidad. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión de algunas herramientas bioinformáticas, propuestas por Barcodinglife.org para determinar si una secuencia cumple los requisitos para ser considerada un “DNA barcode”. Estos métodos incluyen la construcción de árboles de genes, determinación del “barcode gap”, estimación de índice de clasificación genealógica, análisis de variabilidad génica, redes de haplotipos, DNA-BAR y BLOG.Descargas
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