Biorremediación de metales pesados cadmio (Cd), cromo (Cr) y mercurio (Hg), mecanismos bioquímicos e ingeniería genética: una revisión

  • Mayra Eleonora Beltrán-Pineda Universidad de Boyacá
  • Alida Marcela Gómez-Rodríguez Universidad de Boyacá
Palabras clave: Biotecnología, contaminación, genética, microorganismos, plantas metalófitas

Resumen

Los metales pesados se consideran unos de los contaminantes más tóxicos en el ambiente por tener efectos nocivos a nivel de toda la cadena trófica, en especial el Cd, Cr y Hg son relevantes debido su persistencia y toxicidad. En la actualidad existen diversas técnicas de tipo fisicoquímico utilizadas para el tratamiento de estas sustancias, las cuales han mostrado algunas deficiencias y efectos secundarios a largo plazo. Por esta razón la implementación de otro tipo de tecnologías que involucren seres vivos con capacidades metabólicas especiales han emergido generando resultados prometedores en procesos de biotransformación. Algunos microorganismos y plantas cuentan con diferentes mecanismos bioquímicos para contrarrestar la toxicidad de los metales pesados. En la presente revisión se abordan dichos mecanismos, se nombran algunas especies de organismos destacadas y se hace un esbozo acerca de algunas aproximaciones de ingeniería genética con el objetivo de mejorar las capacidades biorremediadoras de estas especies.

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Cómo citar
Beltrán-Pineda, M. E., & Gómez-Rodríguez, A. M. (2016). Biorremediación de metales pesados cadmio (Cd), cromo (Cr) y mercurio (Hg), mecanismos bioquímicos e ingeniería genética: una revisión. Revista Facultad De Ciencias Básicas, 12(2), 172–197. https://doi.org/10.18359/rfcb.2027
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2016-07-25
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