El Concepto de Ecología Visual
Resumen
Ecología visual es un concepto introducido recientemente en los estudios sobre sistema visual y ecología. Los primeros trabajos hacen referencia acerca de la importancia del sistema ocular en las interacciones de los vertebrados con el ambiente. Investigaciones posteriores se enfocan en la importancia de la relación estructura-ambiente-comportamiento, una interpretación novedosa que empezó a tomar importancia. Actualmente existen trabajos sobre la ecología visual en cnidarios, crustáceos, insectos, peces, lagartos, reptiles, aves, roedores, cetáceos, marsupiales, primates, y otros grupos. A pesar que se han publicado varios artículos cerca de este tema, muchos autores no definen el concepto como tal ni citan alguna existente, por lo tanto el objetivo de esta revisión es contextualizar la definición de ecología visual, teniendo en cuenta el punto de vista de diferentes autores y empleando varios aspectos que ayuden a entender dicho concepto. Aunque la ecología visual es un tema de investigación bastante amplio, la mayor cantidad de trabajos publicados se refieren a la interacción del sistema visual con el ambiente, considerando las amplitudes espectrales y la capacidad de absorción de diferentes longitudes de onda por parte de los pigmentos presentes en las neuronas visuales utilizando la espectrofotometría como técnica fundamental. En conclusión, la ecología visual, desde su sentido más básico y práctico, puede ser definida como la relación de los individuos con el ambiente que los rodea a través del sistema visual, con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades alimenticias, reproductivas y de supervivencia. Actualmente, la ecología visual considera muchos aspectos, lo cual hace de este concepto un nuevo campo de estudio en biología básica, fisiología, histología, ecología, etología, entre otros, con gran diversidad de especies que habitan en ambientes muy variados.Descargas
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