Motores de combustión interna (MCI) operando con mezclas de etanol gasolina: revisión
Resumen
En este artículo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica acerca del uso de etanol como combustible en motores de combustión interna de encendido provocado (MCI-EP). Este empieza por una breve descripción de las diversas formas de producción y principales productores en el mundo de etanol, para posteriormente profundizar en el desempeño, combustión y las emisiones en MCIEP al operar con diferentes mezclas de etanol y gasolina convencional. Los resultados obtenidos por los diferentes autores de los parámetros de desempeño, combustión y emisiones, como potencia, torque, presión media efectiva al freno (BME), eficiencia térmica, tasa de liberación de calor, eficiencia de combustión, presión en la cámara de combustión y emisiones reguladas (NOx, THC, CO, CO2 y MP), muestran que el etanol es un excelente comburente para utilizarse en mezcla con gasolina, especialmente en relaciones superiores al 20 % en volumen (E20); debido a que se produce un mejor proceso de combustión causado por el aumento en la cantidad de oxígeno, y se logran así mejoras en los parámetros de desempeño y emisiones del MCI, tales como incrementos en la potencia y la eficiencia térmica y disminución de las emisiones de CO y THC. Sin embargo, se generan aumentos en algunas emisiones contaminantes, como el CO2 y los NOx causados por el exceso de oxígeno en la combustión y el incremento de la temperatura de los gases de escape.
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Fundación Universitaria Los LibertadoresReferencias bibliográficas
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