Niveles umbrales de lluvia que generan deslizamientos: Una revisión crítica
Resumen
En el mundo se han propuesto múltiples relaciones lluvia-deslizamientos para sistemas de alerta temprana. Este trabajo presenta una base de datos que sintetiza el estado del arte de umbrales de lluvia que generan movimientos en masa en todo el mundo. Las relaciones más comunes lluvia-deslizamiento se procesan con el fin de analizar los datos en función de la clasificación climática de Köppen y el área para la cual fue generada. Los resultados muestran la amplia oferta disponible de tipos de parámetros derivados de lluvia que producen deslizamientos, unido con las diferencias considerables en los valores umbrales que pueden tomar dichos parámetros. Estos resultados se condensan en figuras comparativas de niveles umbrales de lluvia que generan deslizamientos propuestos en el mundo para diferentes parámetros. Del análisis de la información recopilada resulta evidente la necesidad de obtener parámetros y umbrales derivados de lluvia que generan deslizamientos para cada zona geográfica y climática específica, de forma tal que se pueda generar una base racional de conocimiento que permita establecer sistemas de alerta temprana de deslizamientos detonados por lluvias con baja variabilidad. Este trabajo aporta en la construcción del conocimiento del catálogo de posibles parámetros derivados de registros de precipitación que permiten generar umbrales de predicción de ocurrencia de deslizamientos. Los investigadores tendrán la posibilidad de buscar relaciones lluvia-deslizamiento, basadas en análisis estadísticos, con una amplia paleta de parámetros, más allá de las variables tradicionales de lluvia antecedente e intensidad ocurrida el día del deslizamiento.
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